Lubricating composition containing sulphonates



35 Petroleum lubricating 011, v1scos1ty- Patented Nov. 29, 1932 UNITED S ATE PATENT QFFICE' AIRMAN E. imcxnnfor nmzann'rn, NEW mnsnx, Asswuon r isreirnmn on.

nnvntormmxr company, A' eonrona'rron. or DELAWARE L' UBRICATIN 'G COMPOSITION CONTAINING SULIPHONATES R0 Drawing. Application filed July 18, This invention relates tolimprovements in oil compositions adapted for lubrication and other purposes. In a preferred form of the invention, a petroleum ,lubricating oil is compounded with small amounts of soaps of fatty acids and of ill. soluble sulfonio acids derived from mineral oil.

A principal object of my invention 'is to provide a lubricant having'essentially the o oil-film-maintaining properties of soap-oil compositions, such as are described in my up United States Patent No. 1,628,646, granted May 17, 1927, together with a high degree of penetration power. By virtue of this latter property, the improved compositions may be used with special advantage on bearings to which the lubricant isfed by a capillary device, such as a Wick; Thecompositions are adapted for many other usesgsome. 0 of which are referred to below.

Following is a preferred lubricant for wick-fed marine engine bearings or railroad car wheel boxes:

Per cent by weight 46547 5 sec. Saybolt at 100 F. 98. 33 Alkali metal oleate 0. 17 Oil soluble alkali metal sul'phonate 80 derived from mineral oil 1. 50

Sodium oleate and sodium sulphonate are preferred.

35 This composition contains less than 0.2%. of moisture, is fluid at room temperature and-has a slightly higher viscosity than the petroleumv lubricating oil used. The increase of the penetration power is indicated 40 by the larger amount of oil fed in the wick test during'a certain number of hours. Vith a lubricant containing 99.83% petroleum lubricating oil (viscosity 470' sec. Saybolt at 100 F.) and 0.17% sodium oleate, 22 cubic centimeters of lubricant were fed per hour in a16 hours test at room temperature, while with the lubricant of the above example, containing 98.33% of the lubricating oil, 0.17% sodium oleate and 1.50% sodium sulphonate '50 derived from mineral oil, 168 cubic centi- 1927. Serial No. 206,798.

conditions.

Instead of sodium oleate, other alkali metal salts of fatty acids may be used, for example, sodium or potassium stearate or palmitate, or mixtures of these or similar salts. The amount of. this typeof soap may "be varied, but should not in general be less than 0.1% nor more than 0.5% by weight; of the composition; Alkaline earth metal soaps such as calcium oleate, are also suitable, especially for gear box lubricants and the like. A t pical composition of this type is as follows j meters were fed per hour under the same test 7 Percent 55 by weight Petroleum lubricating oil, viscosity 500-600 sec. Saybolt at 100 F 91.5, Calcium oleate 1.5

Oil soluble sodium' sulphonate derived, 7U

from mineral oil 7.

of less than 0.2 per cent and is fluid at room 7 temperature. The viscosities are: 599 (Say- -bolt at 100 F.) for the straight lubricating oil, 7 49 for the composition; and the corre sponding cold test figures are: 5 and 9 respectively. i

The alkali metal sulphonates are preferably made by neutralizing sulphonic acids in petroleum oil which has been treated with fumingsulphuric acid. By a well known method, the sulphonates are extracted from 5 the oil by alcohol, or the like, and are then separated from the solvent. They are readily soluble in petroleum oil and are known as oil soluble sulphonates derived frommineral oil in contradistinction to water soluble sulphonates derived from mineraloil' by a diiferent niethod- 1 From about 1.0% to 5.0% by weight ofalkali metal sulfonates derived from mineral oil is usually suitable for use in compositions 95 containing about 0.1 to 0.5% of alkali metal soap of fatty acids. I The lubricating oil base for my composition will be selected in accordance with the type of machineon which it is to be used.

Wide variation in viscosity is permissible,"for example, between about 7 5 seconds to 000 seconds or more Saybolt at 100 F. When the compositions are to be used in steam cylinder lubrication or the like, a cylinder oil of high viscosity may be used as a base.

When a substantially colorless product is desired, a highly purified petroleum lubricating oil (liquid petrolatum. or white oil) may be compounded with soaps of the type described. I

A preferred way of making the composition is to dissolve the soap in theoil while it is heated to above 250 F, but below the boiling point of the oil. In general, the finished composition will be a liquid having a slightly higher viscosity than the oil used as a base.

The formulas and uses of the improved composition as given above are merely illustrative, and various modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims, in which it is my intention to claim all novelty inherent in the invention as broad- 11y as the prior art permits.

In the appended claims, alkali is meant to cover alkali or alkaline earth metals, and sulphonate is means to cover oil soluble sulphonates derived from mineral oil.

I claim:

1. A lubricant comprising over 90% of a petroleum lubricating oil, an'alkali soap of a fatty acid and an oil soluble alkali metal sulphonate derived from mineral oil.

2. A lubricant comprising over 90% of a petroleum lubricating oil, an alkali metal soap of a fatty acid and an oil soluble alkali metal sulphonate derived from mineral oil.

3. A lubricant comprising over 90% of a petroleum white oil containin an alkali soap of a fatty acid and an oil soluEle alkali metal sulphonate derived from mineral oil.

4. A lubricant comprising a petroleum lubricating oil containing about 0.1% to 0.5%

by weight of an alkali metal soap of a fatty acid and about 1.0% to 5.0% by weight of an oil soluble alkali metal sulphonate derived from mineral oil.

5. A lubricant comprising over 90% of a petroleum lubricating oil containing a small amount of sodium oleate andof an oil soluble sodium sulphonate derived from mineral oil.

6. A lubricating composition consisting essentially of over 90% of a heavy petroleum lubricating oil and small amounts of an alkali oleate and of an oil soluble alkali metal sulphonate derived from mineral oil.

7. A lubricant comprising a petroleum lubricating oil having a viscosity of about to 600 seconds Saybolt at 100 IE1, and containing a small amount of an oil soluble alkali metal soap of a fatty acid and of an oil soluble alkali metal sulphonate derived from mineral oil.

8. A lubricant comprising a petroleum lubricating oil containing about 0.17% by aaeaem weight of sodium oleate and about 1.5% by weight of an oil soluble sodium sulphonate derived from mineral oil.

9. A lubricating oil composition comprising over of petroleum-lubricating oil, an alkali metal soap of a fatty acid and an oil-soluble alkali metal sulphonate derived frpm the fuming acid treatment of petroleum or 10. A lubricating oil composition comprising over 90% of petroleum lubricating oil and an alkali metal soap of a fatty acid, containing an oil soluble alkali metal sulphonate derived from mineral oil to increase the penetration power of the composition.

ARMAN E. BECKER.

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